Drawing
- uses drawing to stand for writing
- believes that drawings/writing is communication of a purposeful message
- read their drawings as if there were writing on them
Scribbling
- scribbles but intends it as writing
- scribbling resembles writing
Letter- like forms
- shapes in writing actually resemble letters
- shapes are not actually letters
- look like poorly formed letters, but are unique
Creations
Random- letters or letter strings
- uses letter sequences perhaps learned from his/her name
- may write the same letters in many ways
- long strings of letters in random order
Writing via invented spelling
- creates own spelling when conventional spelling is not known
Conventional spelling
- usually resembles adult writing
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